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cómo se calucla el imss e isn de un empleado

3Respuestas
LaPenelope
14/08/2026, 14:40:19

Claro, te lo explico de forma directa. En España, el cálculo de las cotizaciones a la Seguridad Social y la retención del IRPF (equivalentes a lo que en otros países llaman IMSS e ISN) se basa en la base de cotización del empleado y las tarifas oficiales. Para 2026, la base de cotización se obtiene de la remuneración bruta mensual, incluyendo salario, pagas prorrateadas y pluses. Sobre esa base, se aplican los siguientes porcentajes:

ConceptoAportación empresaAportación empleado
Contingencias comunes23,60%4,70%
Desempleo (tipo general)5,50%1,55%
Formación profesional0,60%0,10%
FOGASA0,20%0%

El IRPF se calcula según la tabla progresiva del Ministerio de Hacienda. Por ejemplo, para un salario bruto anual de 30.000 €, la retención media ronda el 15-18%, pero varía según situación personal (hijos, discapacidad, etc.).

En mi experiencia, lo clave es tener actualizadas las bases máximas y mínimas que publica la Seguridad Social cada año. Así, si un empleado gana 2.500 € brutos al mes, primero determinas su base de cotización (igual al salario bruto si no hay horas extras), luego aplicas los porcentajes de la tabla. La empresa paga aproximadamente un 30% adicional sobre el salario, y al empleado se le descuenta un 6-7% por Seguridad Social más el IRPF correspondiente. Siempre recomiendo usar herramientas oficiales como el programa SILTRA o el simulador de la Agencia Tributaria para evitar errores, porque las sanciones por cálculos incorrectos pueden ser elevadas.

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AryaFitz
14/08/2026, 17:46:28

Pues mira, yo que tengo una pequeña tienda con tres empleados, lo hago así: cada mes tomo el sueldo bruto de cada uno, lo multiplico por los porcentajes de la Seguridad Social que me indica mi gestoría. Para el IRPF, uso la tabla de retenciones que publica Hacienda, pero como no soy experto, prefiero delegarlo en un profesional porque un fallo me puede costar una multa. Lo que sí sé es que la empresa paga mucho más que el empleado, casi un tercio extra. Para 2026, las bases han subido un poco, así que toca revisar los números.

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VonJocelyn
15/08/2026, 17:20:55

Acabo de empezar a trabajar en prácticas

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