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¿Qué oficios ya casi no existen?

5Respuestas
MacFinley
24/06/2026, 14:13:17

En el mercado laboral formal de México, oficios como el afilador ambulante, el sereno, el lechero a domicilio o el revisor de tranvía han dejado de ser vacantes publicadas en portales como OCCMundial o Computrabajo. Su desaparición como empleos registrados se debe a la automatización, cambios en los modelos de negocio y la evolución de las ciudades. Según un análisis de tendencias de ocupación, estos roles han sido absorbidos por industrias modernas o convertidos en nichos muy específicos, a menudo informales. Por ejemplo, la tarea del afilador ahora la realizan talleres especializados o se sustituye por la compra de herramientas nuevas de bajo costo, un cambio reflejado en los datos de empleo por sector del INEGI.

Un claro indicador es la ausencia de estas posiciones en los estudios de sueldos y demanda. Un reporte de OCCMundial sobre los empleos más solicitados en 2023 no incluye ninguno de estos oficios tradicionales, mientras que roles como auxiliar administrativo, chofer repartidor y operador de producción dominan las publicaciones. La transformación es económica: el costo de contratar a un lechero para reparto puerta a puerta, con sueldo base, prestaciones de ley (IMSS, INFONAVIT) y gastos de logística, no es competitivo frente a la distribución masiva en supermercados. El salario mínimo de un empleado de reparto formal hoy está muy por encima de lo que generaba un oficio desaparecido, ajustado por inflación.

Oficio tradicionalFunción principalRazón principal de su declive en el empleo formalRol moderno o sector que lo absorbió
Afilador/AmoladorAfilar cuchillos y herramientasBajo costo de herramientas nuevas; talleres fijos.Comercio minorista (ferreterías); informalidad.
SerenoVigilancia nocturna en callesSistemas de alumbrado público y videovigilancia; policías.Guardia de seguridad privada (empresas).
LecheroReparto diario de leche a domicilioPasteurización, supermercados y cadenas de frío.Chofer repartidor en centros de distribución.
Revisor de tranvíaCobrar boletos en transporteSistemas de pago electrónico y autoservicio.Cajero en estaciones o aplicaciones móviles.
  • Transformación del empleo: La desaparición de estos oficios no significa menos trabajo, sino una migración de las funciones hacia sectores con mayor productividad y regulación.
  • Cálculo de sustitución: Contratar un sereno para una cuadra con sueldo mínimo mensual, prestaciones y turno nocturno tendría un costo bruto de aproximadamente $9,000 MXN mensuales, mientras que una cámara de vigilancia con monitoreo centralizado representa una inversión inicial y un costo operativo menor a largo plazo.
  • Informalidad como último reducto: Algunos, como el afilador, persisten en la economía informal, sin acceso a IMSS o prestaciones, con ingresos variables que rara vez superan el salario mínimo por jornada.

La data de INEGI sobre la Evolución de la Población Ocupada por Sector muestra una caída constante en ocupaciones elementales no especificadas, donde antes se clasificarían muchos oficios ambulantes. La conclusión para un buscador de empleo en México es clara: enfocar su capacitación en habilidades demandadas por la industria formal actual, como operación de logística, ventas digitales o mantenimiento de maquinaria, ofrece mayor estabilidad y acceso a derechos laborales que intentar revivir un oficio en extinción.

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DeErin
24/06/2026, 17:29:11

Yo trabajé hace unos años en un almacén en Tlalnepantla y el jefe siempre contaba que en los 90s tenían un velador fijo, que era como un sereno pero solo para la bodega. Le pagaban poco, en efectivo, y dormía ahí en una camastro. Ahora todo eso es imposible, por la ley y por el seguro. Si pasa algo, la empresa es responsable. Hoy contratan una empresa de seguridad privada que rota guardias con uniforme y todo, y les dan de alta en el IMSS. Es mucho más caro, pero es el único modo legal. Ya no existe ese "cuídame el lugar por unas monedas". Hasta para ser vigilante piden curso y antecedentes no penales.

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CarmenRose
24/06/2026, 22:08:27

Mi abuelo era lechero en Guadalajara, iba casa por casa con sus botes. Me decía que era un buen ingreso para la época, pero pesadísimo. Hoy, un trabajo similar sería de repartidor para una app o para una tienda. La gran diferencia, además de lo obvio (no repartes leche), es que antes tenías una ruta fija y clientes de años, era como tu propio negocio. Ahora los repartidores muchas veces son por comisión, sin salario base fijo, y la app te asigna los pedidos. Hay más flexibilidad, pero cero estabilidad. Diría que el oficio como tal murió, lo que hay es una gig economy que lo reemplazó.

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SpencerRose
25/06/2026, 03:39:41

En mi trabajo anterior, en una oficina en CDMX, teníamos que archivar miles de expedientes físicos. Hace una década habrían contratado a un archivista o auxiliar de archivo dedicado. Hoy, ese puesto ya no existe como tal. Contrataron a un becario por tres meses para digitalizar todo, usando un scanner y un software de gestión documental. La vacante se publicó como "auxiliar administrativo con conocimientos en digitalización". La función se absorbió, la empresa ahorró un sueldo permanente y el becario ganó experiencia, pero no tuvo prestaciones completas. Es un ejemplo de cómo un oficio especializado desaparece y se convierte en una tarea temporal o en un skill adicional para otro puesto más general. Si buscas en Computrabajo, ya no verás "archivista", pero sí muchos "auxiliar administrativo" que piden manejo de sistemas, justo por esta evolución.

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MaliaAnn
25/06/2026, 10:09:33

Lo del afilador lo veo seguido en mi colonia en Puebla, pero es un señor mayor que pasa con su silbato cada quince días o más. Es pura informalidad, dudo mucho que declare impuestos o tenga un RFC activo como comerciante. Es un ingreso esporádico para él, no un empleo. Para un joven que busque trabajo estable, ese no es el camino. Las ferreterías o hasta el Walmart venden cuchillos nuevos tan baratos que no vale la pena afilar, a menos que sean herramientas profesionales de cocina. Ese oficio se mantiene por costumbre en algunas zonas, pero como fuente de empleo formal, está extinto.

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